Since ancient times, the primary way to teach and learn anatomy have been to dissect human cadavers. Generations of surgeons have learned and mastered the craft, first by watching live surgeries, and then practicing specific skills such as suturing on animals. The standard practice in medical schools is to stand some feet away from the operating table, while making sure not to get in the way of the surgeons, the assistants and the instruments. Some colleges and institutions have special observation decks, but with the advent of cameras it's not needed to be present inside the operating theater anymore. Students can watch a surgery on a screen from the classroom.
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The Agnew Clinic by American artist Thomas Eakins, 1889.
Source: amusingplanet.com