The rugged terrains of North Caucasia, nestled within the Russian Federation, is dotted with ancient towers that stand as silent sentinels to an architectural tradition started centuries ago by the Ingush, Chechen, and Vainakh peoples. Spanning over 4,000 years, these imposing structures served both defensive and residential purposes, with the surviving towers predominantly dating from the 13th to the 17th centuries, marking a period of resurgence in tower construction.
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Source: amusingplanet.com